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Lesson 11The Median of a Data Set

Let's explore the median of a data set and what it tells us.

Learning Targets:

  • I can find the median for a set of data.
  • I can say what the median represents and what it tells us in a given context.

11.1 Siblings in the House

Here is a table that shows the numbers of siblings of ten students in Tyler’s class.

1 0 2 1 7 0 2 0 1 10
  1. Represent the data shown in the table with a dot plot.

  2. Based on your dot plot, estimate the center of the data without making any calculations. What is your estimate of a typical number of siblings of these sixth-grade students? Mark the location of that number on your dot plot.

  3. Find the mean. Show your reasoning.
    1. How does the mean compare to the value that you marked on the dot plot as a typical number of siblings? (Is the mean that you calculated a little larger, a lot larger, exactly the same, a little smaller, or a lot smaller than your estimate?)
    2. Do you think the mean summarizes the data set well? Explain your reasoning.

Are you ready for more?

Invent a data set with a mean that is significantly lower than what you would consider a typical value for the data set.

11.2 Finding the Middle

  1. Your teacher will give you an index card. Write your first and last names on the card. Then record the total number of letters in your name. After that, pause for additional instructions from your teacher.

    1. Here is the data set on numbers of siblings from an earlier activity. Sort the data from least to greatest, and then find the median.
      1 0 2 1 7 0 2 0 1 10
    2. In this situation, do you think the median is a good measure of a typical number of siblings for this group? Explain your reasoning.
    1. Here is the dot plot showing the travel time, in minutes, of Elena’s bus rides to school. Find the median travel time. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
      A dot plot labeled “travel time in minutes.” The numbers 5 through 14 are indicated. The data is as follows. 5 minutes, 0 dots 6 minutes, 2 dots 7 minutes, 1 dot 8 minutes, 3 dots 9 minutes, 3 dots 10 minutes, 2 dots 11 minutes, 0 dots 12 minutes, 1 dot 13 minutes, 0 dots 14 minutes, 0 dots
    2. What does the median tell us in this context?

Lesson 11 Summary

The median is another measure of center of a distribution. It is the middle value in a data set when values are listed in order. Half of the values in a data set are less than or equal to the median, and half of the values are greater than or equal to the median.

To find the median, we order the data values from least to greatest and find the number in the middle.

Suppose we have 5 dogs whose weights, in pounds, are shown in the table. The median weight for this group of dogs is 32 pounds because three dogs weigh less than or equal to 32 pounds and three dogs weigh greater than or equal to 32 pounds.

20 25 32 40 55

Now suppose we have 6 cats whose weights, in pounds, are as shown in the table. Notice that there are two values in the middle: 7 and 8.

4 6 7 8 10 10

The median weight must be between 7 and 8 pounds, because half of the cats weigh less or equal to 7 pounds and half of the cats weigh greater than or equal to 8 pounds.

In general, when we have an even number of values, we take the number exactly in between the two middle values. In this case, the median cat weight is 7.5 pounds because  (7+8)\div 2=7.5 .

Glossary Terms

median

The median is one way to measure the center of a data set. It is the middle number when the data set is listed in order.

For the data set 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, the median is 12.

For the data set 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, there are two numbers in the middle. The median is the average of these two numbers. 6 + 8 = 14 and 14\div2=7 .

Lesson 11 Practice Problems

  1. Here is a table that shows student's scores for 10 rounds of a video game.

    130 150 120 170 130 120 160 160 190 140

    What is the median score?

    1. 125
    2. 145
    3. 147
    4. 150

  2. When he sorts the class’s scores on the last test, the teacher notices that exactly 12 students scored better than Clare and exactly 12 students scored worse than Clare. Does this mean that Clare’s score on the test is the median? Explain your reasoning.

  3. The medians of the following dot plots are 6, 12, 13, and 15, but not in that order. Match each dot plot with its median.

    Four dot plots labeled dot plot 1, dot plot 2, dot plot 3, and dot plot 4 each with the numbers 0 through 20, in increments of 2, indicated. The data are as follows: Dot plot 1: 1, 1 dot. 2, 1 dot. 5, 2 dots. 6, 2 dots. 7, 1 dot. 8, 2 dots. 9, 1 dot. Dot plot 2: 10, 2 dots. 11, 2 dots. 15, 3 dots. 17, 1 dot. 18, 1 dot. 19, 1 dot. Dot plot 3: 5, 1 dot. 6, 1 dot. 9, 1 dot. 11, 2 dots. 13, 1 dot. 14, 1 dot. 15, 3 dots. Dot plot 4: 8, 2 dots. 10, 2 dots. 13, 2 dots. 14, 1 dot. 16, 3 dots.

  4. Invent a data set with five numbers that has a mean of 10 and a median of 12.

  5. Ten sixth-grade students reported the hours of sleep they get on nights before a school day. Their responses are recorded in the dot plot.

    A dot plot for "hours of sleep". The numbers 5 through 12 are indicated. The data are as follows: 5 hours, 1 dot; 6 hours, 1 dot; 7 hours, 3 dots; 8 hours, 3 dots; 9 hours, 2 dots; 10 hours, 0 dots; 11 hours, 0 dots; 12 hours, 0 dots.
     

    Looking at the dot plot, Lin estimated the mean number of hours of sleep to be 8.5 hours. Noah's estimate was 7.5 hours. Diego's estimate was 6.5 hours.

    Which estimate do you think is best? Explain how you know.

  6. In one study of wild bears, researchers measured the weights, in pounds, of 143 wild bears that ranged in age from newborn to 15 years old. The data were used to make this histogram.

    A histogram. The horizontal axis is labeled "weight in pounds" and the numbers 0 through 550, in increments of 50, are indicated. On the vertical axis, the numbers 0 through 40, in increments of 5, are indicated. There are also tick marks midway between. The approximate data for the bars are as follows: From 0 up to 50 pounds, 6 bears From 50 up to 100 pounds, 18 bears From 100 up to 150 pounds, 40 bears From 150 up to 200 pounds, 28 bears From 200 up to 250 pounds, 14 bears From 250 up to 300 pounds, 7 bears From 300 up to 350 pounds, 11 bears From 350 up to 400 pounds, 10 bears From 400 up to 450 pounds, 6 bears From 450 up to 500 pounds, 2 bears From 500 up to 550 pounds, 1 bear
    1. What can you say about the heaviest bear in this group?
    2. What is a typical weight for the bears in this group?
    1. Do more than half of the bears in this group weigh less than 250 pounds?  
    2. If weight is related to age, with older bears tending to have greater body weights, would you say that there were more old bears or more young bears in the group? Explain your reasoning.