Lesson 19Estimating a Hemisphere

Learning Goal

Let’s estimate volume of hemispheres with figures we know.

Learning Targets

I can estimate the volume of a hemisphere by calculating the volume of shape I know is larger and the volume of a shape I know is smaller.

Warm Up: Notice and Wonder: Two Shapes

Here are two shapes.

What do you notice? What do you wonder?

Activity 1: Hemispheres in Boxes

A hemisphere inside a rectangular prism. The hemisphere touches the each of the bottom 4 edges of the rectangular prism. A horizontal line is drawn from one edge of the hemisphere to the center of the hemisphere and is labeled r. A vertical line is drawn from the center of the hemisphere to a point center directly above the hemisphere and is labeled r.

Problem 1

Mai has a dome paperweight that she can use as a magnifier. The paperweight is shaped like a hemisphere made of solid glass, so she wants to design a box to keep it in so it won’t get broken. Her paperweight has a radius of 3 cm.

What should the dimensions of the inside of box be so the box is as small as possible?
What is the volume of the box?
What is a reasonable estimate for the volume of the paperweight?

Problem 2

Tyler has a different box with side lengths that are twice as long as the sides of Mai’s box. Tyler’s box is just large enough to hold a different glass paperweight.

What is the volume of the new box?
What is a reasonable estimate for the volume of this glass paperweight?
How many times bigger do you think the volume of the paperweight in this box is than the volume of Mai’s paperweight? Explain your thinking.

Activity 2: Estimating Hemispheres

Problem 1

A hemisphere with radius 5 units fits snugly into a cylinder of the same radius and height.

A hemisphere with a radius and height of 5 inside a cylinder.

Calculate the volume of the cylinder.
Estimate the volume of the hemisphere. Explain your reasoning.

Problem 2

A cone fits snugly inside a hemisphere, and they share a radius of 5.

What is the volume of the cone?
Estimate the volume of the hemisphere. Explain your reasoning.

Problem 3

Compare your estimate for the hemisphere with the cone inside to your estimate of the hemisphere inside the cylinder. How do they compare to the volumes of the cylinder and the cone?

Are you ready for more?

Estimate what fraction of the volume of the cube is occupied by the pyramid that shares the base and a top vertex with the cube, as in the figure.

Lesson Summary

We can estimate the volume of a hemisphere by comparing it to other shapes for which we know the volume. For example, a hemisphere of radius 1 unit fits inside a cylinder with a radius of 1 unit and height of 1 unit.

Since the hemisphere is inside the cylinder, it must have a smaller volume than the cylinder making the cylinder’s volume a reasonable over-estimate for the volume of the hemisphere.

The volume of this particular cylinder is about 3.14 units³ since $π {(1)}^{2} (1) = π$ , so we know the volume of the hemisphere is less than 3.14 cubic units.

A hemisphere with radius and height of 1 inside a cylinder.

Using similar logic, a cone of radius 1 unit and height 1 unit fits inside of the hemisphere of radius 1 unit.

A cone with a height and radius of 1 inside a hemisphere

Since the cone is inside the hemisphere, the cone must have a smaller volume than the hemisphere making the cone’s volume a reasonable under-estimate for the volume of the hemisphere.

The volume of this particular cone is about 1.05 units³ since $\frac{1}{3} π {(1)}^{2} (1) = \frac{1}{3} π \approx 1.05$ , so we know the volume of the hemisphere is more than 1.05 cubic units.

Averaging the volumes of the cylinder and the cone, we can estimate the volume of the hemisphere to be about 2.10 units³ since $\frac{3.14 + 1.05}{2} \approx 2.10$ . And, since a hemisphere is half of a sphere, we can also estimate that a sphere with radius of 1 would be double this volume, or about 4.20 units³.