Lesson 14: Solving More Systems

Let’s solve systems of equations.

14.1: Algebra Talk: Solving Systems Mentally

Solve these without writing anything down:

\begin{cases} x=5\\ y=x-7 \end{cases}

\begin{cases} y=4\\ y=x+3 \end{cases}

\begin{cases} x=8\\ y=\text-11 \end{cases}

14.2: Challenge Yourself

Here are a lot of systems of equations:

A \begin{cases} y= 4 \\ x=\text-5y+6 \end{cases}

B \begin{cases} y= 7 \\ x=3y-4 \end{cases}

C \begin{cases} y= \frac{3}{2}x+7 \\ x=\text-4 \end{cases}

D \begin{cases} y= \text-3x+10 \\ y=\text-2x+6 \end{cases}

E \begin{cases} y= \text-3x-5 \\ y=4x+30 \end{cases}

F \begin{cases} y= 3x-2 \\ y=\text-2x+8 \end{cases}

G \begin{cases} y= 3x \\ x=\text-2y+56 \end{cases}

H \begin{cases} x=2y-15 \\ y= \text-2x \end{cases}

I \begin{cases} 3x+4y=10 \\ x=2y \end{cases}

J \begin{cases} y= 3x+2 \\ 2x+y = 47 \end{cases}

K \begin{cases} y= \text-2x+5 \\ 2x+3y = 31 \end{cases}

L \begin{cases} x+y=10 \\ x=2y +1 \end{cases}

  1. Without solving, identify 3 systems that you think would be the least difficult to solve and 3 systems that you think would be the most difficult to solve. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
  2. Choose 4 systems to solve. At least one should be from your "least difficult" list and one should be from your "most difficult" list.

14.3: Five Does Not Equal Seven

Tyler was looking at this system of equations:

\begin{cases} x + y = 5\\x + y = 7 \end{cases}

He said,

“Just looking at the system, I can see it has no solution. If you add two numbers, that sum can’t be equal to two different numbers.”

Do you agree with Tyler?

Summary

When we have a system of linear equations where one of the equations is of the form y = \text{[stuff]} or x=\text{[stuff]}, we can solve it algebraically by using a technique called substitution. The basic idea is to replace a variable with an expression it is equal to (so the expression is like a substitute for the variable). For example, let's start with the system:

\begin{cases} y = 5x\\2x - y = 9 \end{cases}

Since we know that y = 5x, we can substitute 5x for y in the equation 2x - y = 9,

2x - (5x) = 9,

and then solve the equation for x,

x =\text -3.

We can find y using either equation. Using the first one: y = 5 \boldcdot \text-3. So

(\text-3,\text -15)

is the solution to this system. We can verify this by looking at the graphs of the equations in the system:

Sure enough! They intersect at (\text-3, \text-15).

We didn't know it at the time, but we were actually using substitution in the last lesson as well. In that lesson, we looked at the system

\begin{cases} y = 2x + 6 \\ y  = \text-3x - 4 \end{cases}

and we substituted 2x+6 for y into the second equation to get 2x+6=\text-3x-4. Go back and check for yourself!

Practice Problems ▶