14.1: Angle Pairs
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Find the measure of angle JGH. Explain or show your reasoning.
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Find and label a second 30^\circ degree angle in the diagram. Find and label an angle congruent to angle JGH.
Let’s explore why some angles are always equal.
Find the measure of angle JGH. Explain or show your reasoning.
Lines AC and DF are parallel. They are cut by transversal HJ.
With your partner, find the seven unknown angle measures in the diagram. Explain your reasoning.
Using what you noticed, find the measures of the four angles at point B in the second diagram. Lines AC and DF are parallel.
The next diagram resembles the first one, but the lines form slightly different angles. Work with your partner to find the six unknown angles with vertices at points B and E.
Parallel lines \ell and m are cut by two transversals which intersect \ell in the same point. Two angles are marked in the figure. Find the measure x of the third angle.
Does your argument in the earlier problem apply in this situation? Explain.
When two lines intersect, vertical angles are equal and adjacent angles are supplementary, that is, their measures sum to 180^\circ. For example, in this figure angles 1 and 3 are equal, angles 2 and 4 are equal, angles 1 and 4 are supplementary, and angles 2 and 3 are supplementary.
When two parallel lines are cut by another line, called a transversal, two pairs of alternate interior angles are created. (“Interior” means on the inside, or between, the two parallel lines.) For example, in this figure angles 3 and 5 are alternate interior angles and angles 4 and 6 are also alternate interior angles.
Alternate interior angles are equal because a 180^\circ rotation around the midpoint of the segment that joins their vertices takes each angle to the other. Imagine a point M halfway between the two intersections—can you see how rotating 180^\circ about M takes angle 3 to angle 5?
Using what we know about vertical angles, adjacent angles, and alternate interior angles, we can find the measures of any of the eight angles created by a transversal if we know just one of them. For example, starting with the fact that angle 1 is 70^\circ we use vertical angles to see that angle 3 is 70^\circ, then we use alternate interior angles to see that angle 5 is 70^\circ, then we use the fact that angle 5 is supplementary to angle 8 to see that angle 8 is 110^\circ since 180 -70 = 110. It turns out that there are only two different measures. In this example, angles 1, 3, 5, and 7 measure 70^\circ, and angles 2, 4, 6, and 8 measure 110^\circ.
Interior angles are angles that are made by a transversal crossing two parallel lines. They are the angles that lie between the parallel lines, not outside them.
If two interior angles lie on opposite sides of the transversal they are called alternate interior angles.
In the figure, a and d are alternate interior angles, and b and c are also alternate interior angles.
A transversal to two parallel lines is a line that cuts across them, intersecting each one.